PROSPECTS In this chapter:The importance of maintaining/recovering olive biodiversity. L. Baldoni, M. Veral, C. Muñoz-Díez, A. Belaj, B. Lazovic.Future of olive breeding. L. León, L. Baldoni, G. Ben Ari.Future agronomic techniques to optimize olive cultivation. M.TorresExtension of the characterization of varieties and certification in the IOC Network. P. Morello, D. Barranco, I. Trujillo