Budburst Autor del artículo D. Cabello, A. Belaj, L. Rallo, C. Muñoz-Díez, D. Barranco, R. de la Rosa, G. Medina, I. J. Lorite Document classification 1.3.3. Budburst Text During the growing season, shoots develop and buds emerge from the axillary nodes of olive leaves. These buds remain dormant throughout winter until spring, when budburst occurs. Before budburst, it is impossible to distinguish between vegetative and reproductive buds. The expression of the flowering locus T (FT) in olive leaves increases during winter, in conjunction with chilling accumulation. This fact implies that the induction of olive flowering may occur just before budburst. Once chilling requirements are met, budburst starts if the temperature is suitable. In regions where chilling requirements are not met, the number of reproductive buds and their period is irregular (prolonged and staggered; Figure 3). Table 1 shows the budburst dates for different cultivars. Text Figure 3: Asynchronous flowering due to insufficient chilling causes the presence of different phenological stages within the same tree (from Medina-Alonso et al., 2020). Table 1: Classification of chilling requirements, flowering and date of budburst in the World Olive Germplasm Bank of Córdoba (Spain) and Marrakech (Morocco). Cultivar Chilling requirement assessment Budburst Flowering Ripening Empirical1 Modelling2 Marrakech (Morocco) Córdoba3 (Spain) Arauco Mid-Late Arbequina Low 20 Feb Early-Mid Early Late Arbosana Medium Barnea Late Beladi Medium 26 Feb Mid-Late Mid Late Buga Low 20 Feb Late Carolea Medium 26 Feb Early Chalkidikis Low 20 Feb Early Chemlali Sfax Extra Late Chetoui Medium Low 20 Feb Early-Mid Late Coratina Low 21 Feb Early Cordovil de Serpa Medium 20 Feb Late Late Late Cornicabra Medium 26 Feb Early Crnica Low 20 Feb Late Frantoio High Medium 26 Feb Mid-Late Mid Mid Galega Vulgar Low 20 Feb Late Gemlik Medium 29 Feb Mid-Late Extra Late Early Gordal Sevillana Low Medium 25 Feb Mid-Late Mid Hojiblanca Medium Medium 21 Feb Mid-Late Mid Late Istarska Bjelica Mid-Late Kalamon Late Early Kato Drys Medium 27 Feb Late Koroneiki Medium Medium 28 Feb Early Early Lastovka Medium 20 Feb Early Early Late Leccino High Highest 6 Mar Late Mid Early Manzanilla Cacereña Medium 20 Feb Early-Mid Early Mid Manzanilla de Sevilla Medium 21 Feb Early-Mid Mid Mid Maurino Medium 21 Feb Mid-Late Late Early Meski Early-Mid Early Nocellara del Belıce Medium 26 Feb Mid Peranzana = Bosana Medium 21 Feb Mid Picholine du Languedoc Medium 20 Feb Mid Picholine Marrocaine Medium 27 Feb Early-Mid Mid Late Picual High Medium 28 Feb Late Late Late Salonenque Medium 21 Feb Early Early Early Sourı or Soranı Early-Mid Tsounati = Mastoidis High Medium 21 Feb Early